Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Statistics, 2022
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Statistics, 2022
In our country, enterprises that employ less than two hundred and fifty employees annually and whose annual net sales revenue or financial balance do not exceed 250 million Turkish Liras are defined as Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). In the news bulletin; statistics on the annual industry and service statistics survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute such as the number of enterprises, number of employees, turnover, technology usage in SMEs, foreign trade statistics, entrepreneurship and business demographics statistics, research and development activities survey and patent application and registration statistics of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office are included.
3 million 773 thousand enterprises operating in the industry and service sectors are included in SMEs
SMEs constituted 99.7% of the total number of enterprises in 2022. On the other hand; they consituted 70.6% of employment, 47.5% of personnel costs, 42.5% of turnover, 36.3% of production value and 36.4% of value added at factor costs.
Basic indicators by size groups, 2022
SMEs mostly operated in the trade sector
According to the statistical classification of economic activities (NACE Rev.2), in 2022, SMEs; while 36.1% was operating in the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector, 15.2% them operated in the transportation and storage sector, and 12.2% in the manufacturing industry.
The highest rate in SME employment was in the trade sector
In 2022; while the ratio of SMEs employment in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles in total SMEs employment was 27%, this ratio was 23.4% for personnel cost, 53.4% for turnover, 25.9% for value added at factor cost and 15.4% for production value.
Value added per employee in medium-sized enterprises was 346 thousand TL in 2022
Change in value added per employee in SMEs by scale and years (Thousand TL), 2009-2022
While the average value added per employee for SME initiatives was 15 thousand TL in 2009, this value was 155 thousand TL in 2022. Among SME groups, the highest value added per employee for 2009 and 2022 was in medium-sized enterprises with 29 thousand TL and 346 thousand TL, respectively, while for the same years, these values were respectively 19 thousand TL and 179 thousand TL for small-scale enterprises, 8 thousand TL and 52 thousand TL for micro-scale enterprises.
Personnel cost per employee in SMEs was 69 thousand TL in 2022
Change of personnel cost per employee in SMEs by scale and years (Thousand TL), 2009-2022
While the average personnel cost per employee for SME enterprises was 8 thousand TL in 2009, this value increased to 69 thousand TL in 2022. Among the SME groups, the highest personnel costs per employee for 2009 and 2022 were realized in medium-sized enterprises with 15 thousand TL and 120 thousand TL, respectively, while for the same years these values were 11 thousand TL and 87 thousand TL for small-scale enterprises and 4 thousand TL and 36 thousand TL for micro-scale enterprises.
3 thousand 134 SMEs in the manufacturing industry manufactured in high technology class
The ratio of SMEs and large-scale enterprises in the manufacturing industry by technology level (%), 2022
When SMEs in the manufacturing industry are classified according to their technology levels, 56.4% of them manufactured in low technology class, while this rate was 44.9% in large-scale enterprises.
When analyzed according to SME size groups; 57.5% of micro-scale enterprises manufactured in low technology class, 31.8% with medium-low technology, 10.1% with medium-high technology and 0.6% manufactured in high technology class. On the other hand, these rates were 51.0%, 30.6%, 17.4% and 1% in small-scale enterprises, 51.0%, 28.7%, 18.8% and 1.5% in medium-scale enterprises, respectively.
The birth rate of SMEs in 2022 was 16.2%
The ratio of the number of SME enterprises born in 2021 to the number of active SMEs in 2021 (entrepreneurship birth rate) was 16.1%, and the share of employment in SMEs born in 2021 in the total employment of active SMEs in 2021 was 7.7%. In 2022, these rates are realized as 16.2% for the enterprise birth rate and 7.5% for the employment share.
The highest birth rate of SMEs in 2022 was micro-scale enterprises with 17.3%, followed by small-scale enterprises with 5.7% and medium-sized enterprises with 3.9%, respectively. The highest rate of born enterprises in employment was micro-scale enterprises with 12.8%, followed by small-scale enterprises with 3.1% and medium-sized enterprises with 1.9%.
SMEs made 31.6% of total exports
31.6% of total exports and 15.4% of imports for 2022 were carried out by SMEs.
Proportional distribution of exports and imports by SME and large-scale enterprises (%), 2022
In total exports in 2022; While the share of micro-scale enterprises was 2.4%, the share of small-scale enterprises was 11.9% and the share of medium-scale enterprises was 17.3%. The share of large-scale enterprises was 68.4%.
While 60.4% of the exports of SMEs were madeby in the trade sector, 34.5% was madeby in the industrial sector.
The share of SMEs in imports was 15.4%
In 2022 total imports; The share of micro-scale enterprises was 0.7%, the share of small-scale enterprises was 5.4%, and the share of medium-scale enterprises was 9.3%. The share of large-scale enterprises was 84.6%.
While 62.1% of the imports of SMEs were madeby in the trade sector, 28.8% was madeby in the industrial sector.
Export and import values of SMEs (Billion US $), 2013-2022
The export value of SMEs, which was 57 billion dollars in 2013, increased to 79 billion dollars in 2022. In imports, the value, which was 48 billion dollars in 2013, increased to 53 billion dollars in 2022.
49.3% of the total exports of SMEs were made to European countries
49.3% of the exports made by SMEs in 2022 were made to European countries and 32.7% to Asian countries. SMEs made 46.5% of their imports from European countries and 44.9% from Asian countries.
Breakdown of export and import values of SMEs by country groups (Million US $), 2022
91.7% of the exports of SMEs were manufacturing industry products
In 2022 exports of SMEs, the share of clothing sector was 12.7%, machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere with 10.2%, and the share of food products was 7.9%. The prominent products in the import of SMEs in 2022 was basic metals with 24.3%, chemicals and chemical products with 15.1%, machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere with 12.3%.
SMEs made 28.8% of total R&D expenditures
SMEs made 34 billion 722 million TL of the total gross domestic R&D expenditure of financial and non-financial companies for 2022. This expenditure constitutes 28.8% of financial and non-financial companies R&D expenditure. A total of 169 thousand 236 people worked as R&D personnel in financial and non-financial companies in terms of Full Time Equivalent (FTE). 44.9% of these personnel in terms of FTE were employed in SMEs.
594 patents of SMEs were registered
Number of patent applications and registrations by size groups, 2022
While the total number of patent applications by SMEs was one thousand 498 in 2022, 594 patents were registered in the same year. In the SME's scale, medium-sized enterprises ranked first with 555 patent applications and 269 patent registrations.