Entrepreneurship and Business Demography, 2022

The birth rate of enterprises for the year 2022 was 16.1%

The birth rate of enterprises in 2021 was 16.0 % however it rises up to 16.1% in 2022. The employment share of enterprises born in 2022 was 5.5%.



The highest birth rate for enterprises by sectors was in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector as 35.5%, for 2022. This sector was followed by transportation and storage with 14.9% and by manufacturing with 12.1% respectively.

Highest birth rate of enterprises by provinces for the year 2022 was in İstanbul with 26.8%

İstanbul was followed by Ankara with 7.4% and İzmir with 6.2% respectively.


The death rate of enterprises for the year 2020 was 9.6%

The death rate of enterprises in 2019 was 12.1 % however it decreases to 9.6%. The employment share of enterprises died in 2020 was 3.6%.



The highest death rate for enterprises by sectors was in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector as 33.9%, for 2020. This sector was followed by accommodation and food service activities with 12.5% and by transportation and storage with 11.8% respectively.

Highest death rate of enterprises by provinces for the year 2020 was in İstanbul with 27.3%

İstanbul was followed by Ankara with 7.5% and İzmir with 6.6% respectively.



Enterprises born in 2021 were survived in 2022 by 75.3%

The one-year survival rate of the enterprises born in 2020 was 84.1 %, and the two-year survival rate was 68.2%.



Rate of high growth enterprises by employment in 2022 was 13.8%

For the same year, rate of gazelles was 2.4%. The rate of high growth enterprises by turnover was 20.7% in 2022, and the rate of gazelles was 2.9%.



In 2022, 31.8% of high growth enterprises by employment were in manufacturing sector, 20.3% of them were in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector and 14.0% of them were in construction.

In 2022, 32.3% of high growth enterprises by turnover were in manufacturing sector, 27.6% of them were in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector and 8.0% of them were in construction.

In 2022, 27.5% of gazelles by employment were in manufacturing sector, 14.4% of them were in construction and 13.0% of them were in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector.

In 2022, 26.9% of gazelles by turnover were in manufacturing sector, 15.7% of them were in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector, and 11.1% of them were in construction,.

Enterprises born in manufacturing sector produced in low tech products with 59.7% in 2022

Enterprises born in manufacturing sector have medium-low tech products with 27.5%, medium-high tech products with 11.8% and high tech products with 0.9% in 2022.


Turnover share of enterprises in 2022 with foundation year 2016 and later were 22.2%

Turnover share of enterprises in 2022 was 16.1% with foundation year between 2011 and 2015.

Employment share of enterprises in 2022 with foundation year 2016 and later were 31.5%

Employment share of enterprises in 2022 with foundation year between 2011 and 2015 was 16.5%.

Export share of enterprises in 2022 with foundation year 2016 and later were 16.8%

Highest export share of enterprises in 2022 was 17.8% with foundation year 1990 and earlier.

Import share of enterprises in 2022 with foundation year 2016 and later were 11.0%

Highest import share of enterprises in 2022 was 34.7% with foundation year 1990 and earlier.